tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81600000238614276242024-03-13T06:57:29.598+05:30Delhi University English (I A) I, II, III, YearJuli Verghesehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01063801738079586254noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8160000023861427624.post-66552441123030642622009-04-10T17:13:00.013+05:302009-04-15T17:37:56.158+05:30B A Programme English II, Second Year, Delhi University<div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">B.A. (Prog.) IInd Year, English II (A)<br /><br />FLUENCY IN ENGLISH II<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">for those who have english subjects till class 12th<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">2008 - 2009 syllabus <span style="font-size:78%;">(NOTE: PLEASE FOLLOW YOUR OWN SYLLABUS)</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">हिन्दी</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">अनुवाद</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">के</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">साथ</span></span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" >CONTENT</span><br /><ol style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"><li>Learning to Write - </li><li>Learning can be Fun</li><li>Billy Elliot is My Story, Only Less Happy</li><li>If I Return This Time</li><li>Learning To Write (Editing)</li><li>A Mother's Decision</li><li>Sole Provider, Lonely (अकेला) Warrior (योद्धा, सिपाही) </li><li>Pholiographing (फोटोग्राफी सम्बन्धी) Mother</li><li>What Makes Good Writing Good</li><li>Our Muddledad Generation</li><li>The LEader of Man</li><li>Writing for Examinations</li><li>The End of a Yuga</li><li>Maniben Alias Bibijan</li><li>Her Name is Bharti</li></ol><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);font-family:arial;font-size:180%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">GRAMMER</span></span><br /><ol><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Comprehension</span> - (धारणा, समावेश, व्यापकता, परिज्ञान, बोध, समझ, अवधारणा, समझ बूझ)</li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Grammer</span> - Use of <a href="http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/articlestext.htm">Article</a> (a, an, the); Use of <a href="http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.html">Nouns</a> (संज्ञा); Use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronouns">Pronouns</a> (<a href="http://grammar.agoodplace4all.com/pronoun.php">सर्वनाम</a>); Use of <a href="http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/adjectve.html">Adjective</a> (गुण वाचक शब्द, विशेषण); Use of <a href="http://www.esldesk.com/grammar/verbs.htm">Verb</a> (<a href="http://grammar.agoodplace4all.com/verb.php"><span>क्रिया</span></a>); Use of <a href="http://www.esldesk.com/grammar/adverbs.htm">Adverbs</a> (क्रिया विशेषण) कुछ <a href="http://www.esldesk.com/grammar/adverbs.htm"><span>उदहारण</span> <span>के</span> <span>लिए</span> <span>यहाँ</span> <span>क्लिक</span> <span>करें</span> </a>; Use of <a href="http://www.esldesk.com/vocabulary/prepositions.htm">Prepositions</a> (<a href="http://www.itu.dk/people/pfw/hindi/"><span>पूर्वसर्ग</span></a>); Use of <a href="http://www2.gsu.edu/%7Ewwwesl/egw/bryson.htm">Conjunction</a> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">समुच्य</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">बोधक</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">) <a href="http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=conjunctions--but-so-1"><span>कन</span><span>जंक</span><span>शंस</span> <span>की</span> <span></span><span></span><span></span><span>प्रक्टिस</span> <span>के</span> <span>लिए</span> <span>यहाँ</span> <span>क्लिक</span> <span>करें</span> Click Here</a>;</span></li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vocabulary</span> - Antonyms (विपरीतार्थक शब्द); Important Antonyms; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophone">Homophones</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophone">विस्तार के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें </a>)</li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">General Rules Regarding Letter Writing</span>- Parts of Letter; Informal Letters, Formal Letters;</li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Essays</span> -<br /><a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2002/03/28/TVviolence_020328.html">Television and Teenage Violence</a> For <a href="http://www.quazen.com/Kids-and-Teens/Teen-Life/Teen-Violence-and-Television.608863">Details Click Here</a> ;<br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_problem">The Population Problem</a>; for <a href="http://www.doctorndtv.com/feature/detailarchivefeature.asp?id=69">details or essay click here</a> ;<br />The Contribution of Students in National Building;<br />The Position of Women (2007);<br />United We Stnd, Divided We fall;<br /><a href="http://www.terrorism-research.com/">Terrorism</a>; For <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism">Details Click Here</a> ;<br />Future of English Language in India;<br />The Problem of Price Rising; E-Commerce;<br />India's Most Pressing Problems;<br />Child Labour;<br />My Likes and Dislikes;<br />Metro Applications Today;<br />The Choice of a Profesiona;<br />Wonders of Science; Pollution;<br />The Value of Gamesand Sports,<br />Merits and Demerits of the India and Internet;<br />The drie Necessity of Computerisation;<br />Non-Conventional Energy Sources;<br />Unemployment;<br />The Problem of Indispline Among Students;<br />Importance of Discipline in Life, Criminialisation in Politics;<br />Capital Punishment;<br />Protection of human rights;<br />Economic Liberalisation;<br />Student and Politics;<br />Black Money;<br />The Information Technology Revolution;<br />Cyber Criminals;<br />AIDS;<br />Youth and Drugs;<br />Religion and Science;<br />The Corruption Menace;<br />Reservation Re-defined;<br />India's Space Programme;<br />The Generation Gap.</li></ol><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 1 (Learning to Write)</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >(a) Writing is perhaps the most difficult of all the most difficult of all the language skills, Even seasoned (experienced) writers have to make drafts of what they wish to convey before they are satisfied. Most of us are simply scared of pen and paper yet, there is not getting away from writing. Whether we want to remember, convey, or correct something, it is best to put it down in black and white. Anyone who can write is looked upon with respect in our society.</span><br />लेखन कला शायद अन्य समस्त भाषाई कुशलताओं में सर्वाधिक कठिन है । अनुभवी परिपक्व लेखकों को भी उस बात का, जिसको कि वे व्यक्त करना चाहते हैं - प्रारूप तयार करना पड़ता है, तब जाकर उन्हें संतोष होता है ; हममें से अधिकांश लोग कलम और कागज़ से भयभीत होते हैं, फिर भी लेखन कार्य से छुटकारा सम्भव नही है । जब भी हम किसी बात को स्मरण रखना चाहते हैं, दूसरो तक पहुँचाना चाहते हैं अथवा किसी चीज़ में सुधर करना चाहते हैं, उसे कागज़ पर लिख लेना ही सर्वोत्तम है । जो व्यक्ति लिखने में निपुण हैं, उनको समाज में सम्मान मिलता है ।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">(b) If you want to apply for a job, you must write out your curriculum vitae as well as a covering letter. Now-a-days recruitment agencies prefer that applicants wrote an essay in their own handwriting because it is believed that writing reveals your true personality traits, such as sincerity, commitment, attitude and social responsibility. In fact, handwriting is as individual as fingerprints.</span></span><br />यदि आप किसी नौकरी के लिए आवेदन पत्र भेजना चाहते हैं तो आपको अपनी शैक्षिक योग्यता तथा उसके साथ एक आवरण पत्र भी लिखना होता है । आजकल चयनकर्ता संस्थयें यह बात अधिक पसंद करती हैं कि आवेदक अपने हाथ से एक निबंध लिखे क्यौंकी यहाँ माना जाता है की हस्तलेख आपके वास्तविक व्यक्तिगत गुणों, जैसे किंदारी, प्रतिबधता, दृष्टिकोण तथा सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व को अनावृत (प्रकट) कर देता है । वास्तव में हस्तलेख उतना ही व्यक्तिगत या प्रथक अस्तित्व रखता है जितना की अँगुलियों की छाप ।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />.<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">(3) Yet, instruction in writing has generally consisted of providing students with models of good writing and letting them </span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >muddle</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> (make way '</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >confuse state of mind</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> - </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">मार्ग</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">निर्माण</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">करना</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">, </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">भ्रमित</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">करना</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> / </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">होना</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">, </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">दीमाग</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">भ्रम</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">में</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">होना</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">) their way through. This is a long and </span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >tedious (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >थकाने</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >वाला, </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >धीमा</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >, </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >कठिन</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">) process and students are generally left to their own devices. Teachers only perform the task of 'correcting' and 'grading'. Some of the students gamely struggle on, but most just drop by the </span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >wayside</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >(</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >किनारे</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >हो</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >जन</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >, </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >रस्ते</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >से</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >भटक</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >जाना</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >, </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >त्याग</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >देना</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >)</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">.</span></span><br />तथापि लेखन में निर्देश में सामान्यतः यह निहित होता है - छात्रों को श्रेष्ठ लेखन के नमूने सुलभ करा देना तथा फिर उन्हें अपना मार्ग खोजने देना । यह मार्ग लंबा तथा दुष्कर प्रक्रिया है तथा प्रायः छात्रों को अपनी ही नियुक्ति के सहारे छोड़ दिया जाता है । अध्यापक तो मात्र उनकी त्रुटियों सुधारने तथा उन्हें अंक या श्रेणी देने का कार्य करते हैं।<br />कुछेक छात्र स्वयं संघर्ष करते हुए आगे बढ़ जाते हैं लेकिन कुछ मार्ग से हट जाते हैं। अथवा पीछे छुट जाते हैं ।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />.<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">(4) First of all, most of us think we know our feelings, ideas and subject, but it is only when we sit down to write that we relize how </span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >muddled (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >अस्पष्ट</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >)</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> our thoughts are, so, in a very important sense, free writing helps us clarify our thoughts, In addition, when we write for ourselves and not to please, imress, or convince others, we tend to be more honest and open.</span></span><br />सर्वप्रथम, हममें से अधिकांश लोग सोचते हैं कि हम अपनी भावनाओं को विचारों को तथा विषय को भली-भांति जानते हैं, पर जब हम उन्हें लिखने या लिपिबद्ध करने बैठते हैं, तो हम यह अहसास करते हैं कि हमारे विचार कितने अस्पष्ट हैं । इसीलिए एक महत्वपूर्ण दृष्टी से मुक्त लेखन हमे अपने ही विचारों को स्पष्ट रूप से समझने में सहायक होता है । इसके अतिरिक्त, जब हम अपने लिए ही लिखते हैं, किसी को खुश करने, प्रभावित करने अथवा उसे आश्वस्त करने के लिए नही लिखते तो हम स्वाभाविक रूप से अधिक इमानदार और स्पष्टवादी बनने कि और प्रवृत हो जाते हैं।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON -</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">2 (</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Learning can be Fun)</span><br />.<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">(1) The time we realised that an average child is not interested in all of these subjects. We have to come across a child who is not happy to get a 'free period'. When childredn are </span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >coaxed (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >फुसलाया</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> </span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >जाता</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > है</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">) graded, and forced into learning they turn out to be indifferent scholars who scrape through school and college and become dull office workers, uncreative teachers, medicore engineers, and unimaginative factory managers.</span></span><br />यहाँ समाया आ गया है कि हम महसूस करें कि औसतन बच्चे को इन समस्त विषयों में कोई रूचि नही होती। हमें ऐसा कोई बच्चा नही मिलेगा जो खली पीरिअड मिलने पर हर्षित न हो जाये। जब बच्चों को पढने के लिए फुसलाया, आगे धकेला या धमकाया जाता <span>है </span>तो वे ऐसे उदासीन अध्यानकर्ता बन जाते हैं जो किसी प्रकार से शिक्षा पुरी कर लेते हैं, तथा जीवन में वे घटिया आफिसर, रचनात्मकता से रहित शिक्षक, औसत श्रेणी के इंजिनियर तथा कल्पनाराहित कारखाना प्रबंधक बन जाते हैं ।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >(2) There is a mistaken notion (thinking) that learning takes place only within a structured school framework. Unschooled people like tribals (<span>आदिवासी</span>) have more knowledge about plant life, herbs, trees, animal behaviour and so on than the </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >botanist (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >वनस्पति</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >शास्त्री</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > )</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > or </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >zoologist (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >प्राणी</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >शास्त्री</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >) . Illitrate village </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >folks (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >स्थानीय</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >लोग</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >) have immense knowledge about growing crops, domesticating animals, weaving and house building. Children in such societies acquire the skills and knowledge for survival by observing and participating in these activities.</span><br />यह एक ग़लत धारणा है कि शिक्षा केवल विद्यालयों कि सरंचना अर्थात भवन में नियमों से बांधकर ही हो सकती है । अशिक्षित लोग जैसे आदिवासी लोगों को पौधे, जडी बूटीयों, पशुओं के व्यवहार आदि के बारे में किसी भी वनस्पति शास्त्री अथवा जीव विज्ञान शास्त्री से अधिक जानकारी होती है । अनपढ़ गाँव वालों के पास भी फसल उगने, पशु पालन, वस्त्र बुनने तथा घर निर्माण कि अच्छी जानकारी होती है । ऐसे समाजों में बच्चे इस प्रकार के कामों को देखकर तथा उनके प्रतिभागी बनकर जीने कि कला के बारे में कुशलता एवं ज्ञान प्राप्त कर लेते हैं।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />.<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >(3) Today's students know a lot. One has to just look at the quiz competitions. But they understand little and feel much less. They have mastered the art of </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >debating (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >वाद</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >विवाद</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >प्रतियोगिता</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >), </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >declaiming</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >बखान</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >करना</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >, भाषण देना)</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > and recting on a variety of usual ranging from </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >communalism</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >(</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >साम्प्रा</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >दाई</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >क्ता</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >) & </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >gender justice (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >लैंगिक</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >अधिकार</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >)</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >, nuclear disarmament (<span>निःशस्त्रीकरण</span>) , and ozone depletion </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >(reduction, </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >क्षरण</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >या</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >क्षति</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >होना</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >). But once they are off stage, they stop carring about the issue they just debated.</span><br />आज के छात्र बहुत अधिक जानते हैं । जरा प्रश्नोत्तर स्पर्धाओं को देखिये । पर वे अत्यल्प समझते है और महसूस बहुत कम करते हैं । उन्हें वाद विवाद कला पर स्वामित्व प्राप्त कर लिया है, वे किसी विषय पर जोरदार भाषण दे सकते हैं, अनेक विषयों पर बोल सकते हैं, जैसे सम्प्रदियाकता, महिलाओं के सामन अधिकार (लिंगवाद), परमाणु शास्त्रों पर रोक, और ओजोन में आई खराबिओं पर, लेकिन जैसे ही वे मंच से उतरते हैं वे इस विषय के सम्बन्ध में परवाह करना बंद कर देते हैं जिस पर उन्हों ने अभी अभी वाद विवाद किया था ।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />.<br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">(4) Learning is a process - sometimes tedious, sometimes exciting, sometimes frustating and sometimes fulfilling. But today we are in amad rush to reach the top, to suceed, to leave others behind. Schools, as a </span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >microcosm (</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >सूक्षम</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:130%;" >आधार</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">) of society, are also cought in the competition. They compete with each other for more medals, more trophies and more recognition. The casualty of such competition is children learning.</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" ><span>सीखना</span> <span>या</span> <span>शिक्षा</span> <span>ग्रहण</span> <span>करना</span> <span>ऐसी</span> <span>प्रक्रिया</span> <span>है</span> <span>जो</span> <span>कभी</span> </span></span><span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" >क</span>ष्टदायक</span> होती है तो कभी उतेजित करने वाली, कभी निराश करने वाली तो कभी सफलता कि खुशी देने वाली। पर आजकल हम लोग सफल होने व अन्यों को पीछे छोड़ कर शिखर पर पहुँचने कि पागलपन से पूर्ण स्पर्धा में जुटे हुए हैं । स्कूल भी जो कि समाज का सूक्षम आधार हैं, इस स्पर्धा में फंस गए हैं । वे अधिकाधिक तमगों तथा विजयोपहरों को पाने व अधिक पहचान बनाने के लिए परस्पर प्रतिस्पर्धा कर रहे हैं। इस स्पर्धा में सर्वाधिक नुक्सान बच्चों के सीखने कि प्रक्रिया को होता है ।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />However, the process of doing - writing an essay or printing a portrait - is more important. The frustation of not getting it the way you want, the ability to overcome an obstacle, the joy of discovery, and the confidence of being in control, we <span style="font-weight: bold;">rob (deny, वंचित करना) </span>our children of all these experiences by doing their work for them. We forget that making a mistake is a natural part of learning.<br />तथापि काम करने की प्रक्रिया - निबंध लेखन अपना चित्र बनाना - अधिक महत्तवपूर्ण है । किसी भी काम को अपनी आकांक्षा के अनुसार न कर पाने पर क्षोभ, या किसी भी बाधा को पार करने की क्षमता, या किसी नई चीज़ खोजने कि खुशी तथा स्तिथि पर नियंत्रण पा लेने से उत्पन्न विश्वास - हम अपने बच्चों को इन सभी अनुभवों से वंचित कर देता हैं क्यूंकी हम उनका काम स्वयम मर देता हैं । हम भूल जाते हैं की गलती करना सिखने कि प्रक्रिया का एक स्वाभाविक भाग है।<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />.<br />Language and communication are something that children learn by talking to one-another. But schools consider this an act of<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 3</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 4</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 5</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 6</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 7</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 8</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 9</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON - 10</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON -11</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON -12</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON -13</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">LESSON -14</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div></div>Juli Verghesehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01063801738079586254noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8160000023861427624.post-46239234809873874732008-05-29T18:22:00.001+05:302011-09-05T18:05:07.071+05:30Delhi University English - 1A (First, Second, Third Yr) Notes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #006600; font-size: 78%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">My Personal Notes</span></span><span style="font-size: 78%;"><br />
</span></div><span style="font-size: 78%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">NOTE : Please refer your books & syllabus <span style="color: #cc0000;">(I strictly want to tell that these are my/our personal notes, i/we are not responsible for any mistake)</span>, Thanks.</span> </span><br />
<div style="color: #996633; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 78%; font-weight: bold;">Compulsory Language Courese</span><span style="font-size: 78%;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #996633; font-size: 78%; font-weight: bold;">ENGLISH BOOK UNIT 1-18 (Fluency in English)</span><span style="font-size: 78%;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 78%; font-weight: bold;">BA (PROG. / CORRESPONDENCE)</span></div><br />
<span style="color: #3333ff; font-weight: bold;">UNIT ____LESSON __________________________ Author </span><span style="color: #006600; font-weight: bold;"><br />
</span><br />
<ol><li style="color: red;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Inz Lets Things Flow Over Him</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> ............................................</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> Kadambri Murali</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">It's O</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">nly a Game, Enjoy</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> .......................................................... Tarun J. Tejpal</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Haroun a</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">nd the Sea of Stories</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;"> ............................................... Salman Rushdie</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Girls</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> .......................................................................................... Mrinal Pande </span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sisters</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;"> .......</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;">................................................................................ Saleem Peeradina</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">A Ten Day Fast</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> ........................................................................ Harishankar Parsai</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Go, Kiss the World</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;"> .................................................................. Subroto Bagchi</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Amalkanti</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> ............................................................................... Nirendranath Chakrabarti</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hitting Dowry for a Six</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;"> .......................................................... Kalpna Sharma</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Chocolate</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> ................................................................................ Manju Kapur </span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">A Gandian in Garhwal</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;"> : Chandi Prasad Bhatt.......................... Ramchandra Guha</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">To Mothe</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">r</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">................................................................................ S. Usha</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Lost and Fo</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">und</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;"> : Bengal's Bose ............................................... Mihir Bose</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Soapnut Leaves</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> (रीठा की पत्तियां) .............................................. Chaaso </span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Lost Word</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;">....................................................................... Esther Morgan</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Lambo t</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">o the Slaughter(वध / हत्या) </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">.................................... Roald Dah </span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Some People</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 85%;"> ........................................................................... Rita Ann Higins</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Routes and Escape Routes</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> ................................................... Datta Bhagat</span><br />
</li>
</ol><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">*************************************************</span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">*</span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">*****</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #3333ff; font-family: verdana; font-size: 130%;">1. INZY LETS THINGS FLOW OVER HIM</span> - </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">Kadambri Mural</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">i</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></div><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">(to see the video of this match click <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bILp0izufSc">here</a> or click on this link : <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bILp0izufSc">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bILp0izufSc</a> .</span></div><a href="http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NvxFrP5ZV9g/R49H94LQSdI/AAAAAAAAAEs/LIupbKObYHs/s200/Kadambari.jpg&imgrefurl=http://journalismleadersforum.blogspot.com/2008/01/8th-forum-asks-to-explore-impact-of.html&h=129&w=111&sz=5&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=mlEmwaQYZU98xM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkadambari%2Bmurali%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209052694847600626" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEpF08Sut_I/AAAAAAAAAII/nodl9hxoMLE/s200/Kadambari+copy.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px;" /></a> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://sify.com/khel/wc_fullstory.php?id=14397834"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5205802710521546098" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SD65-9NnBXI/AAAAAAAAAGs/kABZsoFnq9M/s200/Inzamam-ul-Haq1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 190px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 142px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Introduction to the Author </span>: Here is an account of the Pakistan <span style="color: #993300;">skipper (</span><span style="color: #993300;">कप्तान</span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="color: #993300;">,</span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="color: #993300;"> </span><span style="color: #993300;">दल</span><span style="color: #993300;"> </span><span style="color: #993300;">का</span><span style="color: #993300;"> </span><span style="color: #993300;">नेता</span><span style="color: #993300;">)</span> from the view point of his boyhood friend <span style="font-weight: bold;">Mujtaba</span>, the son of a barber. He tell us how <a href="http://sify.com/khel/wc_fullstory.php?id=14397834"><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">Inzamam</span></a><span style="color: #993399;"> was first noted by </span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">Imran Khan</span> and invited to Lahore. <a href="http://sify.com/khel/wc_fullstory.php?id=14397834">Inzamam</a> even when he was on top, showed the old time <span style="color: #993300;">warmth (</span><span style="color: #993300;">जोश</span><span style="color: #993300;">, </span><span style="color: #993300;">उत्साह</span><span style="color: #993300;">)</span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> to Mujtaba. Time has passed since those days of his glory.<br />
</span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">SUMMARY :</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> A human tale of two friends : This article tells the story o</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">f a Pakistani cricket pl</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">ayer from the </span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">view point (</span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">दृष्टिकोण</span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">) </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">of his friend. Thus it is the story of two friends , their friendship has lasted fo</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">r nearly 20 years. The two friends are </span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Ghulam Mujtaba</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Inzamam-ul Haq</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">. Both were the </span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">natives </span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">(</span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">देशवासी</span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">, </span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">मूल</span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;"> </span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">निवासी</span><span style="color: #cc6600; font-size: 85%;">)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> of Multan in Pakistan. They </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">were f</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">ast friends. But with the passage of time Inza</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">mam gained status and money as the skipper (<span style="font-size: 0px;">कप्तान</span>) of Pakistan team. Mujtaba was left far behind. He could only watch his friend with pride.<br />
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<ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">The long lasting friendship formed at the very first meeting</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : </span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">Mujtaba was 16-17 when he was introduced to Inzamam</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> by Mujtaba's elder brother at their father's barber shop. Inzamam was younger. He was very shy (</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">शर्मीला). But he as a regular visitor at the narrator's house. He (Inzamam) used to make omelet's while Mujtaba made the rotis. They</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">would & talk. sometimes all night. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mujtaba's father ran a hairdressing saloon in a hotel</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inzamam's fahther - Pir Intizam-ul-Haq was Multan's big</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> spiritual leader</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">. Often Mujtaba and Inzamam kept awake all night. at daybreak they went straight for the first namaz of the day. Pir Sahab was surprised to see them there so early.</span></li>
</ul><ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Inzama</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">m's cricket skill spotted by Imran Khan</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : Inzamam spend most of the day at the Multan stadium practicing with his bat. It so happened that once Imran Khan saw the young boy. He noticed the talent in Inzamam. He invited him to Lahore. Inzamam went and joined Lahore club.</span></li>
</ul><ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Inzama</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">m's brilliant performance at the World Cup</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : Inzamam selected for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cup"><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">1992 World Cup</span></a>. His performance at the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKicnWoMNGI">semi-final against New Zealand</a> was very remarkable altho</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">ugh he had come straight from hospital. He had had some sort of food poisoning. He shared the credit for World Cup win.</span></li>
</ul><ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Rousing reception of the hero, Only Mujtaba left back</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> :Inzamam became sports hero & Pakistani Ico</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">n, Super Star. Hundred fans came out at the airport to receive the skipper. Mujtaba did't go, he asn't sure of being recognised by his old time friend. But when the motorcade carrying Inzamam was passing the shop, he got off to meet his friend. They travelled the rest of </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">the way together. Success and fame didn't bring about any change in the young hero. Infact, it was his nature to remain </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-size: 85%;">unaffected (</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-size: 85%;">सहज</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-size: 85%;">)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> by </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-size: 85%;">criticism (</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-size: 85%;">आलोचना</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-size: 85%;">)</span> or praise (<span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 0px;">तारीफ़</span>, <span style="font-size: 0px;">पर्शंसा</span>).</span></li>
</ul><ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Match Fixing <span style="color: #663366;">allegation (</span><span style="color: #663366;">आरोप</span><span style="color: #663366;">)</span> against Inzamam</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : Inzamam passed through a bad phase of life. He was charged with match-fixing. He fell from grace (<span style="font-size: 0px;">इज्जत</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">खो</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">जाना</span>). The earlier days of </span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">glory (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">यश</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> have passed. O</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">n Friday morning, he still</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> come down to Mujtaba's house for breakfast. The two meet as good old friends. As Inzamam leaves for practice at the nets, Mujtaba escorts (<span style="font-size: 0px;">पहेरेदारी</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">पूर्वक</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">छ</span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 0px;">ोड़</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">कर</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">आना</span>) his wife and children home.</span></li>
</ul><ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Q.1.</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> Who does the article tell us more about, Inzamam or Mujtaba ? Who are you more interested in ? Why ?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Ans1.</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : The article tells us more about Inzamam who became a super sports star, and skipper of Pakistani Cricket team. He wasz a friend of Mujtaba, the son of barber. He did not forget his boyhood friend. M</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">ujtaba is a great admirer of Inzamam. I am more interested in Inzamam, the national hero, rather than a poor barber (but if the friendship is concern both are interesting because they never forget their friendship at all) <span style="font-size: 0px;">जहाँ</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">तक</span><span style="font-size: 0px;">दोस्ती</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">का</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">सवाल</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">है</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">तो</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">मुझे</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">दोनों</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">पर</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">नाज़</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">है</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">क्योंकी</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">दोनों</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">ने</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">दोस्ती</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">मी</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">दारार</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">नही</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">आने</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">दी</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">।</span> </span></li>
</ul><ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Q.2</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> Make a list of qualities (like the one given above) that you think could be used to described Mujtaba, based on information suggestion given in the article. Do you find that some qualities are <span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">contradictory (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">असंगत</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">विपरीत</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">अन्तरविरोधी</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">) </span>? How can you re-correct them ?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Ans.2</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> Ghulam Mujtaba was the son of a barber who has his shop in a Multan Hotel.</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> His brother introduce</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">d him to Inzamam, and he took instant liking for the boy. The two</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> become fast friends. They spent a lot of time together, eating and talking. Inzamam left for Lahore and he proved his </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">merit (</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">गुण</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">योग्यता</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">खूबी</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>as a cricketer. He became one of Pakistan's </span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Icon</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> (सितारा, मूर्ति, प्रतिरूप) a super star. But Mujataba had one <span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">consolation (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">आश्वासन</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">दिलासा</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">सांत्वना</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">)</span>. His friendship <span style="color: #993399;">did not even cool (</span><span style="color: #993399;">ठंडी</span><span style="color: #993399;"> </span><span style="color: #993399;">नही</span> <span style="color: #993399;">पड़ी</span><span style="color: #993399;">)</span> of even off win though Inzamam had gone up in status and money. He a felt proud of his friend and extended a warm welcome when Inzamam came back to Multan. He became a family friend. He became emotional both when he saw his friend off for Lahore and </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">when he welcomed him back in Multan.<br />
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</span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">**</span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">*****************************************</span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">*</span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">*****</span></span><br />
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</span></span><span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #3333ff;">2. ITS ONLY A GAME ENJOY </span></span><span style="font-size: 180%;"><a href="http://www.taruntejpal.com/" style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: black;">(Tarun J Tejpal)</span></a></span><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEES39NnBbI/AAAAAAAAAHM/iEwzm3zss5k/s1600-h/tarun+j+tejpal.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5206463396750755250" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEES39NnBbI/AAAAAAAAAHM/iEwzm3zss5k/s200/tarun+j+tejpal.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px;" /></a> </li>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEBVZ9NnBYI/AAAAAAAAAG0/Y90RuwSVAAw/s1600-h/80090.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5206255073657030018" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEBVZ9NnBYI/AAAAAAAAAG0/Y90RuwSVAAw/s200/80090.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Summary : </span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;">Cricket - a game of knocking the ball around. What is Cricket ? How can we define it accurately ? Truly speaking it is the hitting of a small ball around. The player walk on the playground in fancy clothes. They play the game to amuse the crowd no doubt they display their skill, strength, speed and the spirit of competition.<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Cricket- a <span style="color: #993399;">metaphor (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-family: georgia;">उपमा</span><span style="color: #993399;">)</span> for life</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : A good match, whether Cricket or Football, is all about knocking a ball around. ITs only aim is to provide fun. No game help cure disease. No game ads to human knowledge. It doesn't unfold any secret of our stay on earth. But lovers of sports give a hundred deep meanings to sports. They compare it to life because both cal for struggle, discipline, moral values and success/ defeat. The sports scribes often write about a well contested game much more than they praise (</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">प्रशंसा) a scientist or a scholar.<br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">The spirit & purpose of game - to amuse and to rid us of blood lust</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : And it is not without reason or justification. Men need a lesson to learn on morality, on observing rules and on how to know a fair game from foul. People usually enjoy a game on the TV screen, they watch their favorite players at any risk of injury to themselves. He is a modern warrior who needs only a bottle of chilled beer and a television set in his living room to satisfy his urge for fighting. The utility of games and sports is to rid us of the our instinct for viole</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">nce. But if a game generates violence it loses its purpose of providing healthy amusement and suppressing our blood thirst.<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Cricket ground - not a battle field</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : Take the case of Indo-Pak cricket matches. They fail to provide healthy amusement. They are never played in the spirit of the game. The players on either side carry with them their national and religious </span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">hatred (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">घृणा</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">. It is unfortunate because the Indians and Pakistanis are </span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">united (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">एकीकृत</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">, </span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">एक</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;"> </span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">से</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> by history and culture. They belong almost to the same racial stock, Instead of flying at each other's throat at the war front, they should enjoy the battle on the playground on their TV screen.<br />
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</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">T</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">he duty of the media and journalists</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : To promote peace between the countries is our foremost need. The journalists, the politicians, the sports </span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">analysts (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">विश्लेषक</span><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 85%;">)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> can play a vital role. They should not p</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">lay up the issues of national honour. They can call upon the two rival teams and the players to appreciate on another's performance as good friends and true sportsmen.<br />
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</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">No national honour or shame in victory or defeat</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : Sports should be treated as a means to build bridges of good-will between India and Pakistan. The press sho</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">uld learn to appreciate the wonderful bowling of Pakistani fast bowler Shoaib as also the hard hitting shots of Sachin Tendulkar. There is no need to be biased (<span style="font-size: 0px;">पक्षपाती</span>) in praising the best. After all a win or a defeat in a match does not involve national honour or personal shock. A game is only fun if it remains a game; and not a bloddy battle.<br />
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</span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">***</span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">****************************************************</span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 0px;">3. HAROUN </span></span><span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;">(son)</span><span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 0px;"> AND THE SEA OF STORIES - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><br />
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<span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEENA9NnBaI/AAAAAAAAAHE/796V44LLHWI/s1600-h/img.07139_t.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5206456954299811234" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEENA9NnBaI/AAAAAAAAAHE/796V44LLHWI/s200/img.07139_t.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt;" /></a></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">Introduction to Author</span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Salman Rushdie</span></a> happens to be Indian-born Muslim novelist. He had to spend many years in hiding because Irani Mullah Khameine issued a </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">fatwa (</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">धार्मिक</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> - </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">कानूनी</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">आदेश</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">)</span> ordering his death over some passages in his book. '<span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v20VvP19kCI">The Satanie Verse</a>.' He has an open mind. He calls upon the Muslims the world over to take Islam into the modern age, to reform it and to join the main stream. He also argues that the Koran should not be treated as perfect or </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">'infallible' (</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">अचूक</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">कभी</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">गलती</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ना</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">करने</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">वाला</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">.<br />
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</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Detailed Summary</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> : The saddest City in Alifbay country : It stood by a gloomy sea full of <strong><span style="color: #993399;">glum fish</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><strong><span style="color: #993399;">es (<span style="font-size: 0px;">उदास</span> <span style="font-size: 0px;">मछली</span>)</span></strong> which were uneatable. The sad city had big factories in the north. Those factories also manufactured sadness in the form of dark smoke.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold;">Rashid Khalifa - the popular story-letter</span> : But in the old part of the city and</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> <strong><span style="color: #cc33cc;">ruined (खंडहर, नष्ट शहर)</span></strong></span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEpQchJRzzI/AAAAAAAAAIY/dmJ6xxF341o/s1600-h/HAROUN+SEA+OF+STORIES.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5209064369871245106" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xyId-3GqH-M/SEpQchJRzzI/AAAAAAAAAIY/dmJ6xxF341o/s320/HAROUN+SEA+OF+STORIES.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><strong></strong> buildings lived a happy young fellow named <strong>Haroun</strong> </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">(son)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">. He was the only child of <strong>Rashid Khalifa</strong> who was well known for his <strong><span style="color: #cc33cc;">cheery (मगन, मनमोहक)</span></strong> stories. He was a very popular figure. He could go on telling short and winding never- endint tales. This skill earned him two nicknames. His admirers called him the <span style="color: #993399; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Ocen of Notions</span><span style="color: #993399;"> (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">काल्पनिक</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">खयाली</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">)</span> because he was stuffed with stories just as the sea was many hears proved himself a good husband. He had laughter, while his wife soraya had a sweet voice an she sang. Haroun was lucky grow up in sucha a happy home.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Trouble Approaching</span> : But something went wrong, The family was infected by the poison of sadness, It also became as sad as the city, Soraya once stopped singing in between, Haroun </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">(son)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> guessed that there was a touble overtaking his family.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Rashid-almost a magician</span> : Rashid was so busy in making and telling stories and could not notice changes in his wife behaviour. He was a bussy and demanding man. He drew large crowd when on stage. Poor Children old man and even stray (बिखरी एवं घुम्माकड़ लोग), cows, monkeys and parrots showed interest in his tales. Haroun often thought of his father as a juggler ( छलिया, बाजीगर, धोखेबाज).<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Haroun's query about the source of Rashid's Stories</span> : Haroun </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">(son)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> wondered where his father's stories came from. 'Rashid's (father) tales were a mixture of facts and fictions, processess, wicked (दुष्ट, पापी, उत्पति) uncles, ruffians (गुंडा, बदमाश), heroes and <span style="font-weight: bold;">haunting tunes</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">(</span>रोचक<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>संगीत<span style="font-weight: bold;">), </span>Haroun </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">(son)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> often questioned his father (Rashid Khalifa) about the source of his stories. But he never got a straight or satisfactory reply. Father (Rashid Khalifa) only turned his eyebrows and said that he got his tales from the great Story Sea. The stories flowed from an invisible tap of water.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">A Happy Family</span> : The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Rashid Khalifas</span> lived in the ground floor a small house with pink walls, green windows, blue balconies, looks like a cake. It was neither a high rise (rich) building for rich people nor the hut of a poor. So <span style="font-weight: bold;">Haroun </span></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">(son)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> was lucky, but luck did not last longer.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Haroun's </span></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">(son's)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> second question</span> : Haroun was the only child, he was inquisitive (जिज्ञासु, खोजी, पूछताछ करने वाला), He want to know why his parents didn't bring to the world more children ?, the father gave no straight answer. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Rashid Khalifa (The Father) </span>never take short cut if there was a short cut available, he said that he had used up full quota of child stuff in making <span style="font-weight: bold;">Haroun </span></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">(son)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;">. So <span style="font-weight: bold;">Haroun </span></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;">(son)</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"> was equal to four - five kiddies. But <span style="font-weight: bold;">Soraya (Wife)</span> gave a simpler reply. She admitted sadly that they did try to have more children but failed.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Issue less Sengupta Couple</span> : Upstairs lived another <span style="font-weight: bold;">Sentupta (neighbour) couples, Mr. Sengupta</span> was a clerk at <span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">city corp. (</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">नगर</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">निगम</span><span style="color: #993399; font-weight: bold;">)</span>, he was thin and <span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">miserly (</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">कंजूस</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">लालची</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">)</span>, his wife <span style="font-weight: bold;">Mrs. Sengupta (Oneeta)</span> was fat and <span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">generous (</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">उदार</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">संत</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">दानशील</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">)</span>, They were <span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">issueless (</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">निसंतान</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">, childless)</span>, as a result <span style="font-weight: bold;">Oneeta</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Mrs. Sengupta)</span> Showered her affection on Haroun. She brought him sweetmeats and hugged him. Haroun, however, didn't like the touch of loose flesh. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Mr. Sengupta</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (Oneeta)</span> ignored Haroun. He showed interest in <span style="font-weight: bold;">Soraya</span>. He used to <span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">criticise (</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">दोष</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">निकलना</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">निंदा</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">करना</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">बुरे</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">करना</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">)</span> Rashid Khalifa, he always says "Life was not a story book or joke shop, so there was no use of making useless stories". Haroun began to hate Mr. Sengupta because he spoke against Rashid Khalifa.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Rashid in great demand at election</span> : At election time leaders of various political parties aproached Rashid to amuse the audience at their <span style="color: #663366; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">rallies</span><span style="color: #663366; font-weight: bold;"> (</span><span style="color: #663366; font-weight: bold;">रैली</span><span style="color: #663366; font-weight: bold;">) </span><span style="color: black;">with his sugary tales. People lost faith in political leaders, as liars. But people like Rashid Khalifa who never claimed that his stories were true. He admitted frankly that his stories were made up out of his own head.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Soraya <span style="color: #cc33cc;">Elopes (</span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">गुप्त</span><span style="color: #cc33cc;"> </span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">पलायन</span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">, </span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">प्रेमी</span><span style="color: #cc33cc;"> </span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">के</span><span style="color: #cc33cc;"> </span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">साथ</span><span style="color: #cc33cc;"> </span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">भाग</span><span style="color: #cc33cc;"> </span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">जाना</span><span style="color: #cc33cc;">)</span> with Mr. Sengupta</span> : Once when Haroun ws returning home from school, he was caught in the first downpour of the rainy season. He saw Mrs. Oneeta standing on her upstairs balcony and crying. Inside the house, Rashid's face was also wet tearing. Bad news was that Haroun's mother, Soraya had run off with Mr. Sengupta, at 11 a.m., she had sent Rashid to Haroun's room to search for some missing socks. That was a part of her plan to get away with Sengupta in a taxi. Before eloping, she left a note reporting nasty things, Mr. Sengupta used to say about Rashid. But she ended the letter expressing her affection for Haroun.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Rashid loses his only talent of story telling</span> : Rashid looked so <span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">pathetic (</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">करुनाजनक</span><span style="color: #cc33cc; font-weight: bold;">)</span>, Haroun (son) also accused (अभियुक्त , मुलजिम, गुनाहगार) him of wasting his time and energy in telling untrue stories. Rshid Khalifa (Father) wept and the boy felt sorry. He wanted to get his words back, but he couldn't do that. The charge hurt Rashid Khalifa so badly that he ran out of stories altogether Haroun blamed himself for his father's loss.<br />
</span></div><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 85%; font-weight: bold;"></span></div></div><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">*******************************************************<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 180%;">4. GIRLS </span></span></span></div><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />
</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 85%;">The Narrator - </span><span style="color: black;">eight year old girl - Milli </span></span></span><span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-size: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"> : </span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />
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<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">*******************************************************<br />
</span></span></div></div>Juli Verghesehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01063801738079586254noreply@blogger.com13